Ultimate 2025 WAEC GCE Biology Obj/Essay/Practical Questions and Answers Guide

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Ultimate 2025 WAEC GCE (Nov/Dec) Biology Obj/Essay/Practical- Answers

The 2025 WAEC GCE (Nov/Dec) Biology Obj/Essay/Practical examination is one of the most critical papers for science students across Nigeria and West Africa. Biology is a compulsory subject for candidates who aim to pursue careers in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, agriculture, biochemistry, and related fields. Success in this subject not only guarantees better chances of admission into higher institutions but also helps candidates build a solid scientific foundation.

This year’s WAEC GCE Biology Obj/Essay/Practical is scheduled for Wednesday, 26th November 2025, with three major components:

  • Biology 2 (Essay): 08:30 a.m. – 10:10 a.m. (1 hr 40 mins)

  • Biology 1 (Objective): 10:10 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. (50 mins)

  • Biology 3 (Alternative to Practical Work): 13:00 p.m. – 15:00 p.m. (2 hrs)

In this guide, we will cover the exam structure, sample questions and answers, likely areas of focus, preparation strategies, and the importance of Biology in WAEC GCE Obj/Essay/Practical.

Exam Structure of WAEC GCE Biology Obj/Essay/Practical

1. Paper 1 – Objective (50 minutes)

  • 50 multiple-choice questions.

  • Covers broad areas of biology, from cell biology to ecology.

  • Tests recall, definitions, and quick reasoning.

2. Paper 2 – Essay (1 hr 40 mins)

  • Structured questions requiring detailed explanations.

  • Answers must include diagrams where necessary.

  • Marks are awarded for clarity, accuracy, and scientific terminology.

3. Paper 3 – Alternative to Practical (2 hrs)

  • Tests knowledge of biological experiments without actual laboratory work.

  • Focuses on diagrams, experimental setups, and expected results.

  • Candidates must describe methods, observations, and conclusions.

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Sample Objective Questions (Paper 1)

Q1: The functional unit of the kidney is the:
Answer: Nephron.

Q2: Which of these organisms is a protozoan?
Answer: Amoeba.

Q3: Green plants manufacture food through:
Answer: Photosynthesis.

Q4: The main product of anaerobic respiration in humans is:
Answer: Lactic acid.

Q5: The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart is the:
Answer: Pulmonary vein.

Sample Essay Questions (Paper 2)

Q1: Draw and label a diagram of the human heart.
Answer (Summary): Diagram should show left/right atria, ventricles, valves, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and aorta. Explanation should include the double circulation system.

Q2: Explain the process of photosynthesis.
Answer (Summary): Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, using chlorophyll to absorb light. Carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen through light and dark reactions.

Q3: List five differences between plant and animal cells.
Answer (Summary):

  1. Plant cells have cell walls; animal cells do not.

  2. Plant cells contain chloroplasts; animal cells lack them.

  3. Plant cells have large vacuoles; animal cells have small vacuoles.

  4. Plant cells are usually rectangular; animal cells are irregular.

  5. Plant cells store starch; animal cells store glycogen.

Q4: Describe the nitrogen cycle.
Answer (Summary): Nitrogen is fixed by bacteria, absorbed by plants as nitrates, transferred to animals, and returned to soil via decomposition and denitrification.

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Sample Practical Questions (Paper 3)

Q1: Identify specimens A (leaf), B (earthworm), and C (flower). State their functions.
Answer:

  • A (Leaf): Photosynthesis.

  • B (Earthworm): Soil aeration and nutrient cycling.

  • C (Flower): Sexual reproduction in plants.

Q2: Describe an experiment to test for starch in a leaf.
Answer:

  1. Boil leaf in water to soften.

  2. Place in ethanol to remove chlorophyll.

  3. Rinse in warm water.

  4. Add iodine solution.
    Result: Blue-black color confirms starch.

Q3: Draw and label the reproductive system of a flowering plant.

Likely Areas of Focus for 2025 WAEC GCE Biology Obj/Essay/Practical

  1. Cell Biology: Organelles, cell division, mitosis, meiosis.

  2. Genetics: Mendelian inheritance, DNA, chromosomes.

  3. Respiration & Nutrition: Photosynthesis, enzymes, food chains.

  4. Human Biology: Circulatory, digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems.

  5. Plant Biology: Transport, transpiration, tropisms, structure of tissues.

  6. Ecology: Food chains, energy flow, population dynamics, conservation.

  7. Evolution: Natural selection, adaptation.

  8. Microorganisms: Useful and harmful roles, disease vectors.

  9. Practical Biology: Microscopy, experiments, specimen identification.

  10. Reproduction: Sexual and asexual reproduction in plants and animals.

Tips to Excel in WAEC GCE Biology Obj/Essay/Practical

  1. Master Definitions: Biology involves precise terms.

  2. Draw Diagrams: Neat, labeled diagrams score high marks.

  3. Understand Processes: E.g., photosynthesis, respiration, circulation.

  4. Practice Past Questions: WAEC repeats patterns regularly.

  5. Balance Obj & Essay: Be accurate and concise in objectives, detailed in essays.

  6. Revise Practical Work: Even without a lab, understand experiments.

  7. Memorize Cycles: Nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, water cycle.

  8. Read Textbooks Thoroughly: Use WAEC-approved materials.

  9. Time Management: Allocate time between Obj, Essay, and Practical sections.

  10. Stay Calm in Exam Hall: Confidence improves performance.

Why WAEC GCE Biology  Matters

  • Admission Requirement: Needed for medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and sciences.

  • Scientific Thinking: Encourages analysis and problem-solving.

  • Career Opportunities: Opens doors to health, agriculture, and biotech careers.

  • Daily Life Applications: Explains nutrition, health, and the environment.

  • Foundation for Higher Studies: Core subject for science-based courses.

Extended Worked Example

Q: Explain the structure and function of the nephron.

Answer:
The nephron is the kidney’s functional unit. It consists of Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct. Blood enters via the renal artery and is filtered at Bowman’s capsule. Reabsorption occurs in the tubules, while water balance is regulated in the loop of Henle. The nephron ensures excretion of urea and maintains homeostasis by regulating water, salts, and pH.

Preparation Strategies for WAEC GCE Biology Obj/Essay/Practical

  1. Study Diagrams: Many essay questions demand accurate diagrams.

  2. Practice Experiments: Understand methodology and expected outcomes.

  3. Summarize Topics: Use tables and charts for processes like photosynthesis.

  4. Revise Daily: Break syllabus into chunks.

  5. Focus on Weak Areas: E.g., ecology or genetics.

  6. Group Studies: Discussing with peers improves memory.

  7. Review WAEC Past Papers: Learn recurring topics.

  8. Simulate Exam Conditions: Practice timed questions.

  9. Stay Updated: Read WAEC instructions carefully.

  10. Rest Well: Avoid cramming a day before the exam.

Conclusion

The 2025 WAEC GCE Biology Obj/Essay/Practical scheduled for Wednesday, 26th November 2025 is a vital exam for science candidates. Excelling requires mastery of theoretical knowledge, practical experiments, and precise use of scientific terms.

By combining thorough study, practicing past papers, and focusing on diagrams and processes, candidates can secure excellent grades. Remember, Biology is not only an exam subject—it is a gateway to understanding life and pursuing rewarding careers in science.

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